Facing your blind spots: how solving the wrong problem just became a bigger problem

Kevin Cuthbert muses on all the ways in business and in life that we jump to conclusions and miss the real problem, often with disastrous results.
March 17, 2021
5
min read
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My son's violin teacher recently posted this challenge on Facebook:

Find the correct result.

1+4=5

2+5=12

3+6=21

5+8=_________

I immediately thought I had the answer: 34. I, like many of the people responding, took the sum of each equation and added it to the equation just below to fill in the blank. Another large contingent guessed 45, getting there by using multiplication. It turned out that we were all wrong.

Both answers can be considered to be correct if the challenge is to fill in the blank. The problem was that was not the challenge. The challenge quite clearly and simply asks the solver to "find the correct result." So this is a not really a challenge of math. It is one of reading comprehension. The answer is “1 + 4 = 5” because it is the only equation that has the correct result. It was so easy to jump to the wrong conclusion and charge ahead with the solution.

This had me thinking about all the ways in business and in life that we do this same thing, jump to conclusions and miss the real problem, often with disastrous results.

The road to disaster is paved with the wrong problem

There are some classic business stories on this topic. Kodak and Blockbuster are two of these. The problem Blockbuster was trying to solve was around its stores – how to get more stores and get more sales and profit from each store. They famously turned down an offer to buy Netflix for $50M. Any guess what that investment would have yielded? As I am writing this, Netflix market capitalization is nearly $235B.

It was a similar situation at Kodak, which invented digital photography and had one of the world’s first online photo sharing platforms. During the early 2000s, digital photography was overtaking traditional photography. In this same time frame the problem that Kodak focused on was how to drive the printing of more photos, completely missing that digital photography and online sharing was becoming the business. In 2011 Kodak filed for Chapter 11 protection and turned its focus to commercial digital imaging.

Getting blinded by your own stories

This tendency to ignore or discount information that does not fit our way of thinking was perhaps first talked about by Chris Argyris. He called it the “Ladder of Inference.” The basic idea is that people, teams and even organizations get rooted in a way of thinking and operating that blinds them to any data or information that would contradict their long-held beliefs and experiences.

I witnessed this tendency play out with a senior leader I worked with recently. This SVP level business unit leader has had 2 new bosses in a short time due to a reorganization. One result is that this leader now works for someone who used to be a peer. This leader is doing the same work, for the same pay, with the same title, and she, like many of us might, considers this to be a “demotion.”

This has become the dominant story that she has made up and from which she is operating. She has built this into an even bigger and negative story with the headline, “They are trying to get rid of me.” This has translated into some unproductive behaviors – not least of which has been the spreading of this narrative to others and undermining her team’s faith in her and the company. This has also led her to hold back on big ideas for her business unit and the enterprise, because “they have no chance of being adopted given that they don’t see my value.” In general, she is less effective. By the time I was brought in to coach her, it looked very much like a self-fulfilling prophecy.

By contrast, in talking to her colleagues, almost everything I heard about this leader was positive. “She is a master at her trade,” “She is passionate about her work and the company,” “She cares about her direct reports and their development,” “She is a team player.” The list of strengths went on and on. The only opportunities for improvement involved the leader’s response to the structural changes and a general sense that she was depressed and demoralized.

This came to a head during one meeting we had together where she reported that she would be getting more resources and more responsibility—a goal she had long sought. She shared this information with a somber tone, which surprised me, since this issue of not having enough resources had been one of her key bits of evidence for the “They want to get rid of me” narrative. I called her out on this contradiction, and we spent some time working through this inconsistency between her story of the problem she was facing, and the now readily apparent truth—that she was on the verge of undermining her own leadership, and potentially taking her team with her, for a nonexistent reason.

Five ways to avoid the “wrong problem” problem

Fortunately, we had caught the “wrong problem” problem before this leader had done herself irreparable harm, and once she was able to see the truth more clearly, she rapidly reverted to her old self and was able to refocus her team as well. We went on to take the opportunity to work together to lead her team to change the way they view problem solving as a team skill, to avoid the same trap and get to better results, faster.

Building on the practices we worked on together, here are 5 things to do as a leader, and with your team, to avoid chasing after the wrong proble

  1. Slow down, especially if the stakes are high. Check your action bias and make it a practice to slow down and take steps to consider how well you understand the situation, and what might be going on, before jumping to the diagnosis of the problem.
  2. Develop a list of alternative definitions of the problem you are trying to solve. A great way to start doing that is to consider the different definitions that might apply to your problem. Do this yourself and encourage your team to implement this as an exercise.
  3. Invite different perspectives from diverse stakeholders. Another useful practice is to systematically seek out a range of opinions about the problem, to help generate a range of alternatives. Gathering the views of those who see the world differently will guarantee new thinking. During team meetings, make it a practice to go around the table to seek all views, and potentially invite stakeholders outside of your team to weigh in as well.
  4. Identify a “devil’s advocate” to challenge assumptions and potential solutions. A great technique for making sure you are thinking broadly enough is to formally identify a “devil’s advocate,” someone to play the role of challenging your view of the problem. It can be a trusted colleague, or an external advisor. This is also a valuable team meeting tool – make sure to rotate the role to make it an effective part of the team culture.
  5. Consider looking at your problem with the “eyes of a child” or what Buddhists call “beginner’s mind.” This practice of having an attitude of openness, eagerness, and lack of preconceptions when studying a problem, just as a beginner would, can help you step back from the moment to consider the problem in a new way.

The next time you are telling yourself a story about a problem you are solving—or your team is hashing through with you—make sure to take a step back to see if you have it right.

By the way – if you want to have some more fun with this topic, I invite you to experience the Colour Changing Card Trick. Have fun!

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February 1, 2013
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Leadership development eliminating the obstacles
Inspired by Irvin Yalom, this blog shows that growth happens when we remove the obstacles holding leaders back, one step at a time.

Last night I started reading a book by Irvin Yalom, a psychiatrist who has written several novels that I’ve loved. But right now I’m reading something different—a book of short lessons he’s learned from many years of working with patients.

Early in his career, Yalom was inspired by something he read. The gist of it was that all people have a natural tendency to want to grow and become fulfilled—just an acorn will grow up to become an oak—as long as there are no obstacles in the way. So the job of the psychotherapist was to eliminate the obstacles to growth.

This was a eureka moment for Yalom. At the time, he was treating a young widow. Suffering through grief for a long while, she wanted help because she had a “failed heart”—an inability ever to love again.

Yalom had felt overwhelmed.  How could he possibly change someone’s inability to love?  But now he looked at it differently.  He could dedicate himself to identifying and eliminating the obstacles that kept her from loving.

So they worked on that—her feelings of disloyalty to her late husband, her sense that she was somehow responsible for his death, and the fear of loss that falling in love again would mean. Eventually they eliminated all of the obstacles. Then her natural ability to love—and grow—returned. She remarried.

Reading this story made me think of the responsibility of leaders toward the people they need to develop—and for the growth and learning that leaders themselves require to be the best that they can be.

Many leadership development challenges seem overwhelming—even impossible. The leaders that we coach usually have a list of areas where they want to get better, but how?  How do you “build better relationships with your peers and direct reports”?  How are you supposed to “get out of the weeds and demonstrate enterprise-wide thinking” or “build executive presence”?  All of these goals are as abstract as they are huge.

So the best approach is to not focus on the huge and fuzzy goal.  What we try to do is to break these goals down into concrete actions through working on real-time business problems. To put it simply, though, we do just as Yalom does: We identify the obstacles and work toward knocking them off, one at a time.

Leadership development is not usually a quick fix. You’re not going to develop executive presence through a half-day workshop or a one-time meeting.  If you’re interested in meaningful, lasting growth—whether for yourself or for those who work for you—it’s a commitment.

But don’t ever forget that we’re all capable of growth throughout life and our careers. The trick is to find the right coach or mentor who will guide you through that obstacle course.

Blog Posts
December 9, 2012
5
min read
Executive presence: what’s your “talk track”?
How your executive presence is affecting your professional brand.

In my work as an executive coach, I meet at least once a month with each of my coaching clients.

I often talk to them on the phone and exchange emails with them as we work on their real-time business challenges. So, what happens in those conversations? Recurring themes start to come up. I find that many leaders  have a “talk track” of words and phrases that they use all the time—without always being aware of the impact. For better or worse, this talk track ends up becoming part of their executive presence and their brand as a leader.

One of my clients had a talk track for many years that led to a reputation for negativity. In one meeting alone, I noticed that he had described about ten different work experiences as “nightmares.” Strong word! So we talked about this talk track. And the next time I heard him lapse into that way of talking, I decided to delve into it. “What I just heard from you was an example of that ‘talk track’ we’ve talked about,” I said. “So let’s talk about this. You say it was a ‘nightmare.’  Okay—why do you call it a nightmare?”

The upshot was that he had made a sales presentation but didn’t get the deal. I said, “Let’s use accurate language to describe the situation.” Was it a nightmare? No. Maybe it was a disappointment. Maybe he could have said, “Unfortunately, we didn’t get the deal” or “They decided to go with another vendor” and state why, objectively. My goal was to get him to stop “catastrophizing” when something didn’t work out.

This leader didn’t want to be defined by that negative “talk track” anymore. So I told him that the only way to do that is to turn up the volume on a very different talk track—one that captures the brand and presence that you want to project.

I’ve had clients who always talked about how difficult or challenging or complex things seemed to them.  You’ve probably had a boss or colleague with any number of talk-track themes:

  • “I’m so exhausted/overwhelmed/unhappy/unappreciated….”
  • “Everyone here is useless/stupid/incompetent….”
  • “It’s such a difficult environment/project/client/travel schedule…”
  • “That will never work/We won’t get that deal/It’s a dumb idea/What were they thinking?”

Often people aren’t even aware of how much they harp on a conversational theme and how negatively this lack of executive presence is affecting their professional brand. So what can you do to make sure your talk track is working for you and not against you as a leader? Take these four steps:

1. Identify your talk-track themes.

What are the words and phrases that you find yourself constantly using in conversations at work? Write down the things you seem to say almost every day—or think about what themes come up all the time for you in conversation at work or elsewhere.

2. Consider the impact of your talk track.

As a leader, your words carry more weight than others.  You’re setting the tone for your team or division or organization.  Whether that tone is absurdly optimistic, cynical, critical, upbeat, energized, or overly emotional, it’s going to be the model for others. Make sure that your talk track is consistent with the values and behaviors you want to drive.

3. Challenge the reality of your talk track.

How accurate is your talk track?  Do you have a natural tendency to see the part of the glass that’s empty?  How do you respond to setbacks?  Do you gloss over the pain?  Do you make a mountain out of a molehill?  It’s crucial for leaders to be balanced, objective, and real about what’s happening.  Your language choices need to reflect that.

4. Consider what you could say differently.

It’s easy to lapse into your talk track.  When you catch yourself saying the same old things, try to catch yourself as if an alarm was going off.  Can you find another way to say it—something that’s consistent with the brand and presence you want to project.

Don’t get me wrong.  Leaders do need to be “real” about challenges and setbacks, and a somber tone may be appropriate and even helpful at times.  The goal is to become more aware of your talk track and what it’s doing for you and others.  As a leader, people take their cues from you.  Before you know it, your talk track can dominate or drive the culture.

Changing your talk track is a challenge. Our ways of talking and viewing the world are pretty ingrained through several decades of life experiences. But change is also very possible. Pump up the volume on a more positive talk track for the holidays, and your presence will be viewed as a gift.

Blog Posts
February 24, 2014
5
min read
Why connection trumps precision in executive presentations
Learn how Yo-Yo Ma’s unexpected inspiration from Julia Child shows that great executive presentations rely less on perfection and more on genuine connection, presence, and audience experience.

A while back, I heard an anecdote on the radio about cellist Yo-Yo Ma, and it really struck me. Surprisingly, Ma said that once of his biggest inspirations was chef, author, and television personality Julia Child.

Huh?! Well, it turns out that thinking about Julia Child helped him get in the right mindset before a performance. He would think about watching her on television, making a roast chicken that looked beautiful—only to have it fall off the plate and onto the floor. Did she flip out? No, she never stopped smiling.  She just acknowledged what happened and went on with the show.

Reflecting on this, Ma realized that the best mindset he could have as a performer was to ensure that his audience was having a good experience—rather than worrying about being perfect.  Speaking to the St. Louis Post Dispatch last October, he said, “The idea of performing is hosting. It’s like you’re giving a party. You invite people to come to a place and enjoy something special; basically, they’re subject to whatever you dish out. You want them to have a great time, they want to have a great time, and what are you doing to facilitate that?”

In a Malcolm Gladwell article that I read years ago, Yo-Yo Ma also admitted that he used to strive for perfection in performance. When he was 17, he practiced a Brahms sonata for a year with technical perfection in mind.  So what happened when he did that?  “In the middle of the performance I thought, I’m bored. It would have been nothing for me to get up from the stage and walk away. That’s when I decided I would always opt for expression over perfection.

”There is a valuable lesson here for executive presentations. In my experience, many leaders worry too much about precision when they present. Aiming for total accuracy, it’s easy to end up with text-heavy PowerPoint slides—and far too many of them. And once you have a ton of bullets on a slide, you usually feel compelled to read them all. At best, slides still tend to distract the audience’s energy away from you—and the presentation is really all about you, not your visuals.

Think about it: What would you rather be able to say at the end of your presentation?

  • I covered every point perfectly and spoke without a single stumble.
  • I connected deeply with the audience, and I could sense that they were completely engaged with my presentation.

It’s a no-brainer, isn’t it? If you’re able to really connect with your audience’s questions, concerns, and needs, they won’t even notice if the imperfections that jump out to you as the expert.

Of course, there’s a catch here. Connection trumps precision… but the more you master your topic through preparation and practice, the more you’re freed up to focus on connecting with the audience. When you don’t have to work to remember your key points and transitions, you can concentrate more on your eye contact, gestures, and reading the room.

So give some thought to drawing some inspiration from Julia Child, just as Yo-Yo Ma does as a concert performer. When you’re giving a speech, you’re the host, and your job is to set the tone and make sure that everyone has a good experience.

That’s a recipe for a successful presentation.

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April 20, 2026
5
min read
The myth of more: Why coaching needs structure
This blog explores why intentional design, built on consistency, continuity, and completion, is what turns scalable coaching into lasting leadership development.

Organizations have long wanted to scale coaching, but have been limited by cost and capacity. With AI, that's beginning to change as new platforms make coaching more accessible, flexible, and available on demand, extending support beyond a select group of leaders to entire populations.

For talent leaders, this shift creates both opportunity and complexity. With greater reach comes a new set of trade-offs: how to balance access with depth, flexibility with accountability, and efficiency with meaningful development.

The limits of unlimited (coaching).

Unlimited coaching sounds like the obvious answer. Remove the barriers, give everyone access, let people engage on their own terms. What's not to like?

In practice, quite a bit.

When coaching has no defined structure or cadence, engagement tends to become episodic - people show up when something feels urgent and step back when it doesn't. The coaching relationship never quite deepens. Conversations cover ground but don't build on it. And the development that was supposed to happen keeps getting pushed to the next session, and the next.

Three patterns emerge:

  1.  Sporadic engagement over sustained development. Without a rhythm to anchor the work, coaching becomes reactive. Clients bring whatever is most pressing that week rather than working toward something larger. Progress happens in bursts, if at all.
  2. Insights that don't compound. Great coaching reveals patterns over time - things a client can't see in one session but can't unsee after several. Without continuity, and without a consistent coaching relationship to hold the thread, each conversation starts close to zero.
  3. Outcomes that are hard to measure. No milestones. No defined endpoint. No clear way for the organization, or the client, to know whether it's working. Activity fills the gap where impact should be.

The result is a model that's easy to scale and hard to defend. Which is exactly the problem talent leaders are navigating right now.

The relationship is the lever.

Decades of research into what makes coaching work keeps arriving at the same answer: it's the relationship. Not the platform, not the methodology. The relationship.

When a coach and client build trust over time, developing shared language, and returning to the same themes with increasing depth, something shifts. Conversations get more honest. Insights stick. The client starts doing the work between sessions, not just during them. That's when coaching becomes genuinely transformative, and it can't be rushed or replicated in a one-off session.

The ICF and EMCC are clear on this: continuity is what dives outcomes. The coaching engagements that produce lasting change are the ones where each session builds on the last, not the ones that simply offer more access.

Three principles make that possible: Consistency, Continuity, and Completion.

1. Consistency

The foundation everything else is built on.

The temptation when designing a coaching program is to treat flexibility as a feature - let people book when they want, swap coaches freely, engage on their own schedule. But frequent coach changes reset the clock. Every new coach has to earn trust, learn context, and find their footing with the client. That's time spent getting started, not getting somewhere.

A stable coaching relationship works differently:

  • The coach starts to see around corners, uncovering patterns the client can't see on their own
  • The client stops performing and starts being honest
  • The relationship itself becomes a source of accountability, not just the sessions

Consistency doesn't constrain the work. It's what makes the deeper work possible.

2. Continuity

What turns a series of sessions into genuine development.

Without continuity, coaching tends to be additive at best- each session offers something useful, but nothing compounds. With it, the work builds on itself in ways that can't happen in isolated conversations.

What continuity makes possible:

  • A limiting belief surfaced in session three becomes a thread that runs through the rest of the engagement
  • A behavioral pattern the client couldn't see at the start becomes impossible to ignore by the end
  • Space opens up for the harder work - the kind that requires sitting with discomfort across multiple sessions, not resolving it quickly and moving on

That slower, deeper work is where lasting change actually happens. It doesn't come from more sessions. It comes from the right sessions, in the right order, with the same person.

3. Completion

The most underrated principle of the three.

In a world of unlimited access, there's no finish line, and without one, it's surprisingly hard to know what you're working toward, or whether you've gotten there. A defined endpoint changes the entire shape of an engagement.

A clear endpoint creates urgency and focuses every session on what matters most.

  • Shifts the question from "what should we talk about this week?" to "what do we need to accomplish before we're done?"
  • Gives both coach and client a body of work to look back on, not just a log of conversations

For talent leaders, this is also what makes coaching legible as an investment. Sessions logged is an activity metric. A cohort of leaders who completed a structured engagement and can articulate what changed, that's a result.

Don't just scale it, design it (here’s how) 

The opportunity in front of talent leaders right now is significant. The organizations that will get the most from this moment are the ones that treat coaching design as seriously as coaching delivery.

Practical design decisions:

  • Define the arc before you launch: set the number of sessions, the cadence, and the goals upfront, not after people have already started booking
  • Protect the coaching relationship: Make coach switching the exception, not the default, and design your program to discourage unnecessary re-matches
  • Build in milestones: create structured check-ins at the midpoint and end of each engagement so progress is visible to both the coach and the organization
  • Separate on-demand support from developmental coaching: Use AI-enabled tools for in-the-moment guidance, and reserve structured engagements for the deeper work
  • Measure completion, not just activation: Track how many people finish an engagement, not just how many start one

Questions to pressure-test your design:

  • Does every participant know what they're working toward before their first session?
  • Can your coaches see enough context about a client's journey to pick up where they left off?
  • Would you be able to show, at the end of a cohort, what changed, and for whom?

Access opened the door. Intention is what makes it worth walking through.

Insights
April 29, 2026
5
min read
Why we didn't wait: A CEO's field notes from two years of applied AI
AI value is compounding, not linear. BTS CEO Jessica Skon shares how experimentation fuels flywheels, and how breakthrough “AI diamonds” emerge and scale.

Three decisions that changed everything.

Two years ago, we made three deliberate decisions about how BTS would move with Applied AI.

We would become our own Customer Zero.

While others were building strategies, defining governance, and waiting for clarity, we made a different call: we decided not to wait. Not because the stakes were low, but because they were high. And because in a space evolving this quickly, clarity wouldn’t come from planning. It would come from movement.

So instead of starting with a roadmap, we started with three principles:

  1. No top-down mandate. The people closest to the work figure it out.
  2. IT must evolve from gatekeeper to enabler - leading AI trials and fast experimentation.
  3. Don’t wait for certainty.

We set the organization in motion, and once we did, things started to move quickly.

What if we started this company today?

Waiting for certainty is itself a choice, and it’s costing companies more than they realize.

We started where we knew the work best: our simulations. No perfect plan, just teams moving, trying, and iterating.

Simulations are core to who we are at BTS. Companies that simulate don’t just make better decisions; they execute faster and build more engaged cultures.

The team asked a simple question:

"What if we were to start our company today?”

That question started the flywheel.

They asked IT for a few licenses and started building - vibe-coding, writing agents, and testing tools - moving at a pace that would make any VC-backed start-up smile.

The messy middle.

At first, the team was underwhelmed.

The early reports were blunt:

“Not good with math.”

“Poor graph capabilities.”

The team wasn't discouraged. They kept tinkering - jumping between tools, staying on top of new releases, experimenting constantly.

This was a small team, across 24 countries, building off each other’s ideas. Laughing at crazy creations. Breaking things. Iterating in a sandbox alongside real clientwork.

Each cycle produced something:

  • A sharper scenario
  • A faster build
  • A more powerful simulation

The flywheel was turning, and it was generating something real.

When the diamond appeared.

Then something shifted.

The team moved into client trials across five countries. They figured out ISO compliance and built the architecture to handle the complexity, the “spaghetti.”

And what emerged wasn’t incremental:

  • What used to take weeks started happening in days.
  • Limited creativity started to feel like unlimited innovation.
  • Clients became self-serving.
  • Agentic simulations were built directly into client systems for real-time updates and preparation.

This was our first AI diamond - a high-impact outcome created by many cycles of experimentation compounding into real value.

It only appeared because we kept the flywheel turning, each cycle increasing the odds that something would break through.

95% adoption in eight weeks.

Then it was time to take the AI diamond global.

BTS is decentralized and highly entrepreneurial. We operate across 24 countries and 38 offices, where local teams have real autonomy.

And historically? That’s meant a low appetite for adopting something built somewhere else and pushed from the center.

So we expected resistance.

Instead, something surprising happened.

In the first eight weeks, we saw 95% adoption across our global footprint.

It felt completely different from our own digital initiatives, ERP implementations, top-down rollouts of the past.

This moved on its own. Why? 

We realized it didn’t start with a framework or a model, it started with a feeling.

The feeling of being at the leading edge of one’s craft and profession.

  • Joy
  • Excitement
  • Pride

As we watched this play out across teams it stopped feeling like isolated wins.

There was a pattern to it. A repeatable, organic, innovation motion.

And the flywheel didn’t stop with simulations.

It spread across finance, sales enablement, legal, operations, and client delivery. Some cycles led to small improvements, and others revealed new diamonds.

Not becausewe planned for them, but because we built the conditions for people to find them.

The question I'd ask any CEO right now: Is your flywheel turning, or are you still waiting for the perfect plan?

In part 2, I’ll share the key success factors behind the breakthrough, and what we’re now seeing across more than 120 global clients.

Insights
March 17, 2026
5
min read
Conversazioni incentrate sul cliente abilitate dall’IA
Perché la maggior parte delle riunioni di vendita non riesce a creare valore e come costruire intenzionalmente urgenza, fiducia e slancio in ogni conversazione.

La maggior parte delle riunioni di vendita non fallisce.
Semplicemente non porta a una decisione.

Ed è lì che si perde valore.

I clienti di oggi sono più informati, più selettivi e hanno meno tempo.
Non hanno bisogno di altre presentazioni di prodotto.

Hanno bisogno di conversazioni che li aiutino a stabilire le priorità, decidere e andare avanti.

Eppure, il 58% delle riunioni di vendita non riesce a creare valore reale.
Non perché i venditori manchino di capacità, ma perché le conversazioni non sono progettate per far avanzare le decisioni.

“I clienti non agiscono su ogni esigenza che riconoscono.
Agiscono quando qualcosa diventa una priorità.”

In questo breve executive brief scoprirai:

  • Perché la maggior parte delle conversazioni informa… ma non porta all’azione
  • Cosa spinge davvero i clienti a stabilire priorità e muoversi
  • Come creare urgenza senza compromettere la fiducia
  • Il passaggio dal presentare soluzioni al facilitare decisioni
  • Cosa distingue le conversazioni che si bloccano da quelle che accelerano il progresso

Se i tuoi team stanno affrontando trattative bloccate, decisioni ritardate o un pipeline lento, questo brief ti aiuterà a capire il perché e cosa fare in modo diverso.

Scarica l’executive brief e scopri come progettare conversazioni che portano davvero a decisioni.